Brick-kiln



2 SheetsSheet 2. G. KLOSE.

BRICK KILN (No Model.)

Patented Feb. 16, 1892.

nv VENTOI? ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENT O FICE CHARLES KLOSE, OF DONI-PHAN, NEBRASKA.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 469,151, dated February 16, 1892.,

Application filed May 15, 1891. Serial No. 392,817- (No model.)

clear, and exact description.

The objects of thisinvention are to provide at a low cost a brick-kiln which will afford 1 1, with the roof complete.

means for continuous operation of one or more sections and allow of the burning of brick in oneor more sections of the kiln while the other portions of the kiln are being emptied of burned brick or filled will green brick.

To these ends my invention consists in the peculiar construction and combination of parts of the kiln, as is hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a partial plan view of the kiln with the roof broken away. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view taken on the line 2 2 in Fig. 4, flues being shown in dotted lines leading from kiln-sections to a draft-stack. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of'the structure partly filled with brick, taken on the line 3 3 in Fig.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the kiln, taken on the line 4 4 in Fig. 3, showing a rear elevation of the combustion-chambers and caloriducts connected therewith. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the kiln through the center of one of the transverse fines, taken on the line 5 5 in Fig. 2, showing the brick which are to be burned in the kiln, the method of ranking the same and constructing the various draft-fines through the mass of green brick, and the removable brick-cover of kiln with fire-pots placed in position, also a supported roof and a vertical stack connected to the transverse flue; and Fig. 6 is an enlarged longitudinal section of a portion of the removable brick-cover for a filled kiln-section containing one thimble or fire-pot and its lid. I

The main walls A of the kiln are substantially erected, brick being used in their construction. This structure, of preferably elongated rectangular form, is made of a proper height for its uses and has door-openings A,

formed in one side wall at suitable intervals.

may be provided in the other side wall, so that a wagon may pass in and out of the kiln. At the front wall A of the kiln a series. of

fire-chambers a are provided, having grates b therein and doors 0, the several fire-chambers being evenly spaced. apart and arranged in parallel order and occupying the entire front end of the kiln. At the rear of the the chamber acaloriducts a are provided, as shown, extending upward to evenly distribute the heat evolved in the fire-chambers through the brick to be burned.

Each of the door-openings A represents by one of its jamb-walls d the termination of a section of the kiln, the latter being subdivided into any desired number of sections B, which are preferably of equal dimensions.

At proper intervals vertical channel-fines H are constructed in each side wall and rear end Wall of the kiln extending from the top of the wall downwardly to a proper distance above the floor-level of the kiln.

Near each door-jambwall (la subterranean draft-flue O is transversely located, thus providinga cross-flue for each section B near the opening A.

As shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 5, the draftflues C have each a series of evenly-spaced vertical branches 8, which are open on their upper ends on a level with the fioor of the kiln, and each fiueis outwardly extended at the sameside of one side wall A of the kiln and below it, which extensions 0' and O of the lines are laterally curved at g, and then extended parallel with said sidewall and outside of the same toward the draft-stack D, the intermediate flue-extensions O intersecting the other flue-extensions C, so that all communicate with the stack. flues are also extended to the outside face of the side wall of the kiln'farthest away from the draft-stack D, enabling them to be easily accessible for the purpose of cleansing or cleanlng the interior of said flue, which may be closed at the ends of said extensions in any suitable manner that will allow of easy removal and access to the fines.

As will be seen in Fig. 2, the stack D is located near the center of length of the kiln and the flue-extensions C C so aligned with it that by their continuation the base of the The transverse- If found desirable, however, door-openings ICO stack is tapped on Opposite sides. The fiues O on each side of the stack D are connected in separate series, the extensions which are nearest the stack, being diametrically enlarged to a proper degree to enable them to carry off freely the products of combustion from the branches 0, which intersect them. The several transverse fiues O are each provided with a vertically-sliding damper h, which dampers are preferably located in alignment with the side wall of the kiln nearest the stack D upon the outside of said wall, so as to be conveniently manipulated when any change of position is required. The intermediate fiues G at the point where they join the draft=stack D, are each provided with a verticallysliding damper h, made,adjustable in any suitable manner for the purpose of regulating the velocity of the draft along said fiues, soas to adjust the temperature of the heat in the chambers in which the bricks are being burned. The intermediate flues O are also provided at any convenient place with a man-hole O suitably constructed for the purpose of giving access to said intermediate lines in order that they may be cleansed, repaired, or cleared of dust.

At proper intervals of length the roof-supporting posts are vertically erected close to the sidewalls of the kiln on their exterior, which posts are located oppositely in pairs, and are connected in like manner by the transverse tie bolts or rods m, as shown in Fig. 1, the bolts and posts also serving to bind the opposite walls of the kiln together. Upon the posts 7a the double pitched roof E is placed, which properly overhangs the walls of the kiln at its eaves.

In operating the kiln, it isdesigned that one or more sections B should be filled and the burning process commenced 011 the green brick in these sections and the other sections successively filledand the heat applied thereto. To this end the construction of the kiln is well adapted, as if a section is filled by loosely-ranked unburned brick, suitably arranged for the proper dissemination of heat throughout the mass, and a close fiat top F, constructed of loose burned brick, is laid upon the brick in the filled section, and the damper h for the draft-flue belonging to this section is raised and the dampers of the remaining or unfilled sections closed, a direct com munication is formed with the stack D independ ent of the other kiln-sections. It should be further explained that at proper intervals the removable brick-covering wall or top F of the filled section is perforated for the introduction of the fire-pots G, which may be of metal or other suitable material, such asterrac'otta or other fire-proof substance which may be convenientlyformed into cylindrical shape, a lateral flange n on the upper surface of each fire-pot serving to hold them in position, as shown in Fig. 6. A cap or cover G is fitted on each fire-pot to close it when the burning operation is in progress, said pots or thimbles being designed for the introduction'of fuel into the kiln-section below them. Through the mass of unburned brick and immediately underlying the removable brick cover F is constructed a series of continuous longitudinal fiues 0, situated between the rows of firepots G, running parallel to the sidewalls of the kiln and terminating at the upper end of the channel-fines H in the rear end of the kiln. Similar longitudinal flues p are also constructedin the unburned brick on the floorlevel of the kiln, each extending from the rear of one of the fire-chambers Ct parallel to the sidewall of the kiln and passing directly over the apertures of the aligning branches 6 of the draft-fines O. Underneath each fire-pot G is constructed an upright flue r, terminating at its lower extremity in one of the lower longitudinal fines 19 and preferably set at a slight inclination, as shown in Fig. 3. After a kilnsection has been filled in the before-mentioned manner, and the removable top F properly secured upon the ranked brick within, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 5, and all crevices filled with mud, fire is started in the chambers a. The heat evolved by fuel combustion in the firechambers a will then be drawn up the caloriducts a and through the mass of unburned brick to the top of the kiln-section. As the heat is disseminated through interstices between the unburned brick, which have been ranked in tiers within the kiln section, the moisture, steam, and smoke of the fire is rapidly removed and the entire mass of brick in the section evenly heated. At a proper stage in the operation the damper belonging to the section is opened and fuel is introduced in the stoke-holes formed in the removable top wall of the section, which holes have been previously closed by the covers G of the firepots G, which line the stoke-holes. Preferably fine coal is used as a fuel, which, being evenly distributed in proper quantity, will become ignited and render the entire mass of IIO brick in the section incandescent, the draft of the stack, regulated by the dampers h, forcing the heat evolved by the combustion of the fuel to pass downwardly through the loosely-ranked brick and contact with the same in a manner that will insure even burning of all the brick in the section. Should the op erator desire, the adjacent section of the kiln may be filled with unburned brick while bu rning in the filled section is in progress, as the unburned brick in the first section filled may have the crevices which intervene between said brick forming the vertical face across the kiln-section near the front door-opening A, temporarily closed by pasting paper upon said face wall, so that the heat will be prevented from striking through the small interstices of the cross-wall, said paper covering being a sufficient protection until the second section of the kiln is filled and ready for firing, when the opening of the damper h of the second section will create a draft through both filled sections and burn thepaper barrier at once,

thus permitting the heat currents to be evenly diffused throughout both filled sections. When the second filled section of the kiln has had sufiicient heat introduced through the first section to thoroughly dry its contents, fuel is introduced through the fire-pots in the top wall and firing of the second section started, as has been explained with regard to the first section of the kiln. The supply of air required to support combustion in the second and following sections is drawn through the brick just previously burned in the adjoining section, and is therefore in a highly-heated condition from its contact with the hot brick, while it also serves the purpose of rapidly cooling the burned will be evident that the entire series of kilnsections may be successively fired and burned by the process described, and any one section which has had its contents thoroughly burned may be cut out by closing its damper, as in that case the starting fires in the front firechambers a are put out and the combustion in each chamber maintained by the introduction of fuel through the fire-pots G in the top walls of the sections. has cooled sufliciently the burned brick may be removed through the door-opening A, the top Wall having previously been removed and saved for subsequent use, the refilling of the empty section being effected as previously indicated.

It is claimed for this kiln that economy of f [rel-consumption is effected, the work of burning brick better performed and expedited, and the quality of the product greatly improved, no salmon-colored brick, which are the result of imperfect and uneven burning, being pro- After a kiln-section B horizontal fiues formed from the unburned brick. It is also evident that as the coveringwall is removable and not permanent or arched the side walls of the kiln cannot be thrown out of position by the settlement of said covering-wall, as is the casein kilns built with a permanent cover.

A further advantage is that the kiln may be very cheaply built, as it can be constructed mainly of broken brick, only a few whole brick being required for the fiues and the door-arches.

It may also be pointed out that a further advantage is gained in that the latent heat in a section already burned instead of being wasted is transferred and beneficially used in the heating of the adjoining section being burned.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with an elongated walled structure having fire-chambers at one end, of a series of transverse perforated fiues extending beneath the structure and provided with dampers, and a draft-stack with which the flues communicate, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination,with an elongated rectangular walled structure comprising adjoining kiln-sections having no permanent partitions, each section having a door-opening. in its side wall and a flat removable top supvided with a series of stoke-holes having removable covers, and a series of fire-chambers at one end, of a series of perforated trans- Verse fiues extending beneath the kiln-sections and provided with dampers, and a draftstack with which the transverse fiues communicate, substantially as set forth.

. CHARLES KLOSE.

Witnesses: CHR. SOHLOTFELDT, JAMES 0. WEST.

ported by the green brick to be burned, pro- 

